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Course	Description
CSCI 139	PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTALS (4) 138, 139, 140 PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTALS (4 each) Prereq: Math 102 or permission of instructor. Intended for students wishing to acquire programming skills in connection with natural science or technology. Basic concepts of computer programming using an object-oriented programming language. Topics include introduction to development environment,introduction to computer architecture, and language elements such as control structures, functions, basic I/O, one-dimensional and parallel arrays, text file I/O, and user-interface design. Emphasis on algorithm development, program solving, and software engineering. Programming is required in implementation of concepts. Lab. 138 Programming Fundamentals in Visual Basic 139 Programming Fundaments in Python 140 Programming Fundamentals in C++ Instructors & Schedule
ECON 101	MARKETS AND SOCIETY (4) An introduction to the U.S. economy and its role in the world economy. Analysis of current economic controversies at home and abroad. Issues may include overall economic performance, problems of hunger and poverty, and the issues of economic insecurity, inequality, and sustainability. The course will examine the emergence of globalization and regionalism, and their implications for workers and the environment. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 140	THE ECOLOGY AND ECONOMICS OF SALMON RECOVERY (4) Focus on the four causes of salmon decline (habitat, hydropower, harvest, and hatcheries) to investigate the interaction between ecology and economics through lectures, reading and independent projects. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 206	INTRODUCTION TO MICROECONOMICS (4) Prereq: Math 112 or equivalent. An overview of the modern market economy as a system for dealing with the problem of scarcity. Operation and decision-making of economic units; supply, demand and resource allocation; analysis of various market and industry structures; shortages, controls, social costs and benefits; international trade; comparative systems. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 207	INTRODUCTION TO MACROECONOMICS (4) Prereq: ECON 206 or 446 OR 101. Math 112 or equivalent. An overview of the modern market economy as a system for dealing with the problem of scarcity. The analysis of relationships among such variables as national income, employment, inflation and the quantity of money. The roles of government expenditure, taxation and monetary policy; international finance; economic development. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 301	ECONOMICS ISSUES (4) Prereq: ECON 206 and 207. Applies the tools and concepts learned in introductory micro and macro economics to a variety of contemporary issues. Emphasizes verbal and written communication skills through active participation in classroom activities. Enrollment priority given to economics majors. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 303	THE HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT (4) Prereq: ECON 206 and 207. Development of economic thought from the Greek philosophers to the present. Emphasis on the micro, macro and critical traditions in economics following Adam Smith. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 306	INTERMEDIATE MICROECONOMICS (4) Prereq: ECON 206; MATH 124 or MATH 157 or equivalent. An analytical approach to the consumer, the firm and markets. The theory of pricing under conditions of perfect and imperfect market structures; the theory of factor markets. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 307	INTERMEDIATE MACROECONOMICS (4) Prereq: ECON 207; MATH 124 or MATH 157 or equivalent. Examination of the factors that determine the level of income, employment, output and prices in an economic system. Review and analysis of recent U.S. economic policy and performance. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 308	SPORTS ECONOMICS (4) Prereq: Econ 206. Economic analysis of the sports industry. Topics include the market for sports, the market for labor in sports, owners’ goals, league structure, government involvement, and the role of the media and fans in the industry. Emphasis is on professional sports. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 309	MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS (4) Prereq: ECON 206; MATH 157 or MATH 124. Application of economic principles to managerial decision making. Topics may include: demand, costs and market structure and their relation to pricing, product choice and resource allocation; industrial organization; agency theory and personnel economics. Cannot be counted towards majors in economics. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 310	PUBLIC FINANCE (4) Prereq: ECON 206 and 207. The efficiency, equity and stabilization impacts of public expenditure and revenue programs; emphasis on problems and institutions at the national level. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 311	MONEY AND BANKING (4) Prereq: ECON 206 and 207. The nature and functions of money and the role of depository institutions and central banks in affecting the supply of money and credit in the U.S. Considers the changing U.S.financial environment and the influence of monetary policy on interest rates, prices and the overall level of economic activity. Cannot be counted towards the Financial Economics major. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 315	HEALTH ECONOMICS (4) Prereq: Econ 206; DSCI 205 or permission of instructor. This course is an introductory course in health economics. Students will learn about the supply and demand of health services as well as spending on health care. Students will gain sufficient knowledge of the health care sector and health economics in the U.S. to allow intelligent discussion/analysis of policy proposals. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 317	EUROPEAN ECONOMIC HISTORY (4) Prereq: ECON 206 and 207. Examines the development and industrialization process in Europe, emphasizing the main topic of what caused the industrialization process in each country. Countries to be studied include England, France, Germany and Russia. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 325	LABOR MARKET ECONOMICS (4) Prereq: ECON 206. Economics of the labor market, including labor force participation, racial and sexual discrimination, the role of unions, collective bargaining, investments in human capital, and the structure of compensation. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 333	INTRODUCTION TO GAME THEORY (4) Prereq: Econ 206. An analytical approach to the study of strategic interaction. Development of basic theory, including topics such as Nash equillibrium, repeated games, credibility, and mixed strategies. Applications will include markets and competition, auction design, voting, and bargaining. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 337	ECONOMICS STUDY ABROAD (4) Prereq: Enrollment in WWU approved study abroad program. This provides economics credit for courses taken abroad in a program approved by WWU. Students must present sufficient documentation to show that the material was successfully completed with a letter grade and is appropriate for upper division elective credit in Economics. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 343	POPULATION, ENVIRONMENT, AND WORLD AGRICULTURE (4) Prereq: ECON 206. Utilizes economic principles to understand the interactions among population growth, food demand, agricultural development, and natural resource utilization, degradation, and conservation. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 355	THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF LANGUAGE AND CULTURE (2) Prereq: Econ 206 or admission to Fairhaven College, or instructor permission. An examination of the economics and politics of language and language policy. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 360	INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS (4) Prereq: Econ 206 and 207. The course will introduce students to the theory, practice, and institutions of international economics. Students will learn how the world economy works, the major benefits that it provides to people and nationsl, and the most serious problems that it faces. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 364	TOPICS IN CANADIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY (2) Prereq: ECON 206. Selected issues in the development of the Canadian economy from the 17th century to the present. Examines the importance of resources, agriculture and transportation in the economic growth of Canada. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 365	THE CANADIAN ECONOMY (4) Prereq: ECON 206 and 207. Examination of 20th-century Canadian economic policy. Topics focus on current economic issues in Canada. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 375	INTRODUCTION TO ECONOMETRICS (4) Prereq: ECON 206, 207; Math 124 or 157 or equivalent; MATH 341 or DSCI 205. Use of statistical methods to estimate and test economic models. Theory and application of multiple regression techniques, with emphasis on the problems arising in the analysis of economic data. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 380	URBAN ECONOMICS (4) Prereq: Econ 206. Economic forces behind urban development, with emphasis on location decisions of households and firms. Economic analysis of urban problems including land use, transportation, housing and urban public finance. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 381	AMERICAN ECONOMIC HISTORY (4) Prereq: ECON 206 and 207. American economic development from 17th century to present. Emphasis on resource endowment, social and economic conditions and institutions, growth and development processes, and the role of government. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 383	ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS (4) Prereq: ECON 206. Explores the economic basis of environmental issues and policies. An examination of property rights, externalities and the common-property basis of environmental problems. Alternative policies are analyzed, involving such issues as air and water pollution, solid-waste disposal, hazardous substances, wilderness preservation and the protection of endangered species. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 384	ENERGY ECONOMICS (4) Prereq: ECON 206. The role of energy in the economy and key aspects of energy supply and demand. Topics include the interrelationships among energy use, economic growth, and the environment; conservation; solar and “unconventional” energy sources; world oil markets; regulation of gas and electric utilities; and U.S. energy policy. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 385	COMPARATIVE ECONOMIC SYSTEMS (4) Prereq: ECON 206 or 207. A comparative analysis of the major world economic systems, including a critical appraisal of underlying philosophies, economic theories, structures, and performance. Includes case studies of specific economies, and the study of reform and transformation of economic systems, especially capitalism and socialism. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 388	ECONOMICS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION (2) Prereq: ECON 206 and 207. The E.U. is the most advanced case study in multi-national economic integration of our time. Topics covered include the theory of economic integration, institutions of the E.U., various current policy and agenda issues, and a look at E.U. economic relations with the U.S. and world economies. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 389	ECONOMIES OF THE PACIFIC RIM (2) Prereq: ECON 206 and 207. The Pacific Rim treated as a distinct economic region. Topics include economic development patterns, interdependence, and economic achievements and problems. Specific emphasis on trade, development and policy relations involving the U.S., Japan and the so-called newly industrialized countries. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 390	INTERNSHIP IN ECONOMICS (2-10) Prereq: Declared major in economics department and eligibility outlined in departmental internship policy statement. Permission required. Repeatable to a maximum of 10 credits. Permission required. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 397a	GLOBALIZATION (4) Prereq: Econ 206 and 207. Examines the pros and cons of globalization from an economic perspective. Focuses on the factors leading to integration of national economies into the global economy and the globalization controversy. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 397E	INSTITUTIONS AND MARKETS (4) This course highlights the historical development and role of formal and informal institutions underlying market economies. Topics will include contract enforcement and trading institutions, the evolution of financial institutions, property rights in land, the regulation of labor and capital markets and social norms. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 397g	INTRODUCTION TO ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY (4) Prereq: Econ 101 or 206. This course is an introduction to economic geography, a field that observes and understands economic activities through a geographic lens. Economic geographers are interested in the spatial organization of economic activities and the specific contexts that surround them. The course will explore some of the topics and issues explored by economic geographers. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 397H	ECONOMICS OF REGULATION (4) Prereq: Econ 101 or Econ 206. This course covers broad questions regarding the benefits and costs of a wide range of regulatory policies such as: antitrust, pricing and entry regulation of public utilities, environmental regulation, and safety regulation. Includes the main policy arguments concerning how and why the behavior of business should be restricted by government in its efforts to increase the well-being of the public. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 406	TOPICS IN MICROECONOMICS (4) Prereq: ECON 306; DSCI 205 or MATH 341. Application of quantitative and theoretical tools in key areas of microeconomics, with emphasis on quantitative models of the consumer, cost and production analysis of the firm, and market analysis. Special topics may include choice under uncertainty, capital markets, game theory, general equilibrium theory, and the economics of information. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 407	TOPICS IN MACROECONOMICS (4) Prereq: ECON 306, ECON 307; DSCI 205 or MATH 341 recommended. Examination of current issues in macroeconomic theory and policy. Emphasis on recent U.S. experience, with particular attention given to inflation, unemployment, growth and the balance of payments. Includes extensive reading in current professional journals. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 410	BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS (4) Prereq: Econ 306 or 309 or equivalent. Benefit-cost analysis is an important tool for evaluating the economic impacts of public or private actions. Course provides students with a thorough understanding of the logical underpinnings of benefit-cost analysis and experience in applying benefit-cost analysis to "real-world" problems. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 411	MONETARY ECONOMICS (4) Prereq: Econ 307 and 375. Examines the theory and implementation of monetary policy. Topics may incude the transmission mechanism of monetary policy, interest rate rules, the credibility of policymakers, and exchange rates. Special consideration is given to epirically measuring the impact of money on real economic variables and optimal monetary policy. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 412	ECONOMICS OF TAX POLICY (4) Prereq: Econ 306 and 310. Positive and normative analysis of tax policy; topics include the taxation of savings; taxation of labor income, taxes on risk-taking and wealth, and optimal income and commodity taxation. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 430	EXPERIMENTAL ECONOMICS (4) Prereq: Econ 306 or 309; DSCI 205 or Math 341. This course introduces experiments as a tool in economic analysis. The course will examine experimental methodology and provide a first exposure to various experimental results. The course will stress the interaction of theory and experiment, seeking to relate questions in the theory of markets, games, and decisions to issues in experimental design and the analysis and interpretation of those results. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 442	INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION AND PUBLIC POLICY (4) Prereq: ECON 306 or 309. A study of firms and the markets in which they operate. Considerable emphasis placed on strategic interaction among firms. Topics include mergers, predatory pricing, advertising, patents, vertical relationships and antitrust. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 446	ECONOMICS FOR THE TEACHER (3) Prereq: teaching experience or current or expected enrollment in teacher education program. Presentation of basic microeconomic concepts including the operation and decision-making of households and businesses in a market economy. Special consideration is given to the development of classroom teaching strategies involving the use of games, simulations and audiovisual aids. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 447	METHODS FOR TEACHING ABOUT THE NATIONAL ECONOMY IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS (3) Prereq: ECON 206 or 446, plus teaching experience or current or expected enrollment in a teacher education program. Forces affecting the overall levels of output, employment and prices in the U.S. economy. The economic effects of government policies involving taxes, spending and the money supply. Special consideration is given to the development of classroom teaching strategies involving the use of games, simulations and audiovisual aids. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 462	INTERNATIONAL TRADE (4) Prereq: ECON 306 or 309. The theory of international trade. Alternative approaches for explaining the pattern and terms of trade. An examination of the gains from trade and commercial policy. Included are issues of protectionism, economic integration and strategic trade policy. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 463	INTERNATIONAL FINANCE (4) Prereq: Econ 307. Balance of payments, adjustment mechanisms, international monetary system and international interdependence. Topics include determinants of exchange rate policy, the relationship between domestic monetary and exchange rate policies, and international policy coordination. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 465	DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS (4) Prereq: Econ 306 and 307; DSCI 205 or Math 341. This course will study the special problems faced by the less developed countries of the world and the economic mechanisms that must be taken into account in raising living standards. Topics considered may include population growth, the demographic transition, savings and capital accumulation, education and human capital, health and human capital, institutions and the development process, the role of history and multiple equilibria, the role of expectations and multiple equilibria, and economic integration. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 470	ECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS AND FORECASTING (4) Prereq: ECON 306 or 307; ECON 375 or MATH 342. Theory and techniques of forecasting economic trends at the macro, micro and regional levels. Application of regression and time-series methods using PC econometric/forecasting software. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 475	ECONOMETRICS (4) Prereq: ECON 306 or 307; ECON 375 or MATH 342 or MATH 442. Further topics in econometrics. Coverage may include systems of simultaneous equations, discrete-choice models, time series analysis, panel data, flexible functional forms, and nonparametric methods. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 482	ADVANCED TOPICS IN ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS (4) Prereq: Econ 383 or equivalent. Examines an extended set of applications in environmental economics, with a focus on deepening the student's understanding of the field. Applications involve current controversies in environmental policy and management, as well as the methodological issues. Topics include climate change, solid waste management and recycling, water quality, and other issues of current interest. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 483	RESOURCE ECONOMICS (4) Prereq: ECON 306 or 309. Principles of efficient resource allocation over time, distributional equity and cost/benefit analysis. Examines minerals and other exhaustible resources; forests, fisheries and other renewable resources; and public goods such as water and wilderness. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 491	ISSUES IN POLITICAL ECONOMY (4) Prereq: senior status in the economics/political science combined major, or an economics major and political science minor, or permission of instructor. Discussion and analysis of selected issues of significant economic and political content. Also offered as PLSC 491. Instructors & Schedule
ECON 493	SENIOR SEMINAR: ECONOMICS, THE ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES (4) Prereq: senior status in economics/environmental studies combined major. Discussion and analysis of selected issues in the economics of the environment and natural resources. Instructors & Schedule
EGEO 250	GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS SURVEY (1) Introduction to computer-based tools for describing, analyzing, and providing decision-making on geographical issues. Provides a survey of computer- and Web-based tools such as GIS, electronic atlases, thematic mapping systems, computer cartography and remote sensing through lectures and hands-on activities. Instructors & Schedule
EGEO 311	POPULATION AND RESOURCES (3) Prereq: EGEO 201 or SOC 321. World distribution of population; patterns of population composition, fertility and mortality. Inter-and intra-regional migrations; resources and population growth. Instructors & Schedule
ESCI 302	ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (4) Prereq: CHEM 115; one quarter of biology; MATH 114. Examination of human-induced environmental perturbations of air, land and water occurring on local, regional and global scales. Instructors & Schedule
ESCI 309	EXPLORING ENVIRONMENTAL DATA (3) Prereq: ESCI 302, 310, 325, or BIOL 325; MATH 114, 156, or 124. Principles of graphing and exploring environmental data. Class will cover data entry, verification, and quality control; univariate, bivariate, and multivariate graphic techniques; parametric and nonparametric summary and descriptive statistics, and an introduction to correlation analysis. Offered alternate years. Instructors & Schedule
ESCI 310	ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS (4) Prereq: CHEM 115; one quarter of biology; Math 114. Interaction of biotic systems with earth’s physical systems;principles of ecology and natural systems; ecosystem structure, function and management. Should not be taken by students who have completed or intend to enroll in ESCI 325 or BIOL 325. Instructors & Schedule
ESCI 321	OCEANOGRAPHY (4) Prereq: two quarters of biology; CHEM 115 or 121; MATH 115; physics recommended. Principles of oceanography, with emphasis on a description of the marine environment as an entity. Physics, chemistry and biology of the ocean. Instructors & Schedule
ESCI 325	FUNDAMENTALS OF ECOLOGY (3) Prereq: one year general biology and one year general chemistry. Study, at an introductory and intermediate level, of data analysis and statistical tests commonly used in the biological and environmental sciences. Descriptive statistics, hypothesis testing, analysis of variance, regression and correlation, experimental design. Calculator required. Instructors & Schedule
ESCI 330	NATURAL HISTORY OF THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST (4) Prereq: ESCI 310 or one year of biology or permission of instructor. A field- oriented introduction to the geology, climate and ecosystems of the Pacific Northwest, with a focus on the biology and the ecology of important organisms. Instructors & Schedule
ESCI 333	INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY (4) Prereq: one course in general biology and one course in general chemistry or permission of instructor. Explore the foundations of how environmental pollutants affect biological health. Topics include source and exposure routes of pollutants, basics of quantitative toxicology, effects of exposure, risk perception, and environmental regulations as they relate to toxicology. Instructors & Schedule
ESCI 361	WATER QUALITY (3) Prereq: CHEM 121, 122, 123 and BIOL 204, 205, 206; or CHEM 121, BIOL 101, and ESCI 302 or 310. Water quality principles, problems, and issues; standard methods of assessing water quality; practical approaches in solving water-related problems. Instructors & Schedule
ESCI 361a	WATER QUALITY (3) Prereq: one year general biology and one year general chemistry, or one quarter biology and CHEM 115 and ESCI 310 or 302. Water quality principles, problems, and issues; standard methods of assessing water quality; practical approaches in solving water-related problems. Instructors & Schedule
ESCI 392	INTRODUCTION TO GLOBAL CHANGE (3) Prereq: CHEM 121, BIOL 101, MATH 114. There are six and a half billion people and we are changing the global environment at a pace unknown to history. In this class, we will unravel some of the linkages between biophysical systems, ecological responses, and human activities. We will cover changes to the climate, but also take a step back to appreciate the incredible suite of simultaneous global changes taking place in biotic diversity, hydrologic and chemical cycles, and human assimilation of Earth's energy. We will also discuss future scenarios and the potential for sustainability. Instructors & Schedule
ESCI 463	WETLANDS FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT (3) Introduction to conventional wastewater treatment methods (primary, secondary, and tertiary) and chemistry as it relates to wetlands and wastewater treatment. Examines the use of both natural and constructed wetlands for the treatment of municipal wastewater, acid mine drainage, stormwater runoff, and agricultural wastewater. Students will carry out research projects using campus stormwater wetland as study site. Instructors & Schedule
ESTU 306	INTRODUCTION TO HUXLEY COLLEGE (1) An introduction to Huxley College faculty, programs, resources and community. Explains how the study of the environment is approached in and across disciplines at Huxley. Instructors & Schedule
MATH 134	HONORS CALCULUS I (5) Prereq: suitable score on the Advanced Mathematics Placement Test or at least an A in Mat h 115 or 118, and permission of instructor. Intended for particularly strong students. Average and instantaneous rates of change, interpretation,computation, and application of derivatives to optimization, rates, graphing, and antiderivative problems. Frequent writing assignments. Graphing calculator required. Instructors & Schedule
MATH 135	HONORS CALCULUS II (5) Prereq: MATH 124 or 134, and permission of instructor. Intended for particularly strong students. Riemann sums and the definite integral, interpretation and appliction to area, volume, growth and decay, techniques of integration. Introduction to differential equations. Frequent writing assignments. Instructors & Schedule
PLSC 260	INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL THEORY (5) Prereq: PLSC 101 or 250. Major concepts of Western political theory -- thematic or historical approach. Instructors & Schedule
PLSC 261	INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL THEORY (5) Prereq: PLSC 101 or 250. major concepts of Western political theory -- thematic or historical approach. Instructors & Schedule

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